Consumer law coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumer law coursework - Essay Examplee fourth dimension and make claims on a lower floor the Sale of Goods bear based on various possible ways to solve the issues based on the circumstances and on what they want to be done as provided for in the implied legal injury section 12 of Sales of Goods Act. According to the case, Bowes v Richardson & Son Ltd, the buyer was held by the Courts entitled to extinguish a new cable car seven months after delivery based on various car problems some occurring immediately after delivery and others months later. The Court held that the buyer had never had the opportunity to fully quantify the repairs made on the car as so could never be held to have accepted the goods. such case law authority is a precedent for Peters iTablet and Patricks TV cases. They two have their rights against the retailer and not the manufacturer and hence a claim is valid to make against certain Electricals and Aptab R Us. On the hand, Peter can make a claim on go ods sold on hire purchase not through Sales of Goods Act but via the Supply of Goods Implied Terms Act 1973 that makes the Hire Purchase Company responsible for the quality of the goods supplied and offers him slightly different rights. Patrick is also protected under the Consumer Credit Act 1974 to decide on the best way possible to end his agreement in his cases against Barcpeds.On the first occasion, Patrick purchased a 42 inch television for his living room from Trusted Electricals. The television system was defective and also had a consequential loss as it overheated and damaged his expensive wallpaper. In order to advice Patrick, there is a need to investigate whether the sign his attention was drawn to was available at the promontory of purchase and that he was told about it before the acquisition. The researcher believes that Patrick was never told of this sign at the point of purchase and thus his demands are valid as required by section 13 subdivision one (sale by descr iption) where there is an implied term that the good correspond to the description. Patrick should be

Economics Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics Question - Essay ExampleA merchandise outline lets the food market place conciliate what is produced. A lot of different price pointseffectively the invisible handdecide where resources go and what prices should be. Production is decided by supply and demand. In a socialist economy the government or a committee decides they would like more butter or more shoes produced in the incumbent year and choose a quantity for production that they believe will be sufficient (it seldom isor it is far too much).Describe the theoretical mechanism in which consumers are sovereign, who consumers really decide what goods they want and how they demonstrate those decisions and desires. Is there a contradiction between the statement that businesses decide what is produced and the idea that consumers return sovereignty?Consumers are sovereign in so far as in a market economy their demand decides what products are produced. Businesses decide what to produce based on their reading of consu mer demand. Businesses fail when they scram not properly estimated the demand for their product. Consumers are sovereign.National defence this is too important to outsource to the market Some health care such as Medicare and Medicade. Maintaining national parks. Taking taxes. The Federal reserve system that centrally plans monetary policy. Stimulus spending in times of

Modern-day Slavery and abused domestic workers in kuwait Essay

Modern-day Slavery and ill-use municipal workers in kuwait - Essay ExampleThere are several cases that domestic workers, who have been abused by their employers tries to escape and the capital of Kuwaiti law allows the employers to sue these domestic workers for trying to abscond and they get these workers deported at the end of the day (Human Rights Watch, 2010). This trend can only encourage modern-day slavery in Kuwait as there have not been stringent laws to curb the excesses of employers that abuse their domestic workers. This situation is kind of different from the one in the United States of America as the government of the country has made efforts to concentrate the problem of modern-day slavery to the barest minimum. The US government has given the domestic workers the good to sue their employers whenever they smack they have been maltreated by them. Thus, the modern-day slavery in Kuwait seems to be more tremendous than the one in the US and this is due to the fact t hat the domestic workers in US have the right to protest against harsh treatment, while the ones in Kuwait have not been granted that privilege (Human Rights Watch, 2010).

Follow prompt 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Follow prompt 3 - Essay ExampleIn the sack era, there was pronounced participation of women in the collective labor, contributing to the surplus production that helped the socialist state industrialize. Nonetheless, this period was overly characterized by constrained continuation of patriarchal structure that stipulated the type and value of women labor (Hairong 580). At the juncture, women liberation was realized through the participation of women in labor as opposed to the arduous housework they undertook during the primarily days, but gendered division of labor remained intact. Nonetheless, Womens voices were vociferous in the debates on new modernization policies, as women liberation was related to the defense of the nation (Rofel 43). The women in the later cohort were however more concern about their personal welfare.Women in the middle cohort are those who matured during the Cultural Revolution era. This crowd characteristically resisted say-so and managerial strength i n the industrial workplace. For instance, the cohort resisted younger supervisor Xiao Ma, whereby ignoring her authority was a significant political project (Rofel 222). By refusing the authority of a woman, the cohort essentially explicit its opposition to authoritarianism throughout the society. Workers rights were valued over the labor itself. Middle aged working women defied authority through activism and had extreme attitudes during labor protests. They were opposed to their managements focus on efficiency by refusing to produce. Their refusal to remain in positions at the shop floor indicates defiance of state power they exposed the emblematic violence in a natural economic order that is the mainstay of power in the post-socialist modernness (Rofel 19). thitherfore, this cohort was against any form of authoritarianism in factory and in the country in general.There is a similarity in the way the women

Analysis and synthesis essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis and synthesis - Essay ExampleIn summary it described Facebook, presented Facebook users disfavor on Facebooks new design, menti stard Facebooks financial challenges and Facebook users love-hate relationship with Facebook.The article does not end there, it in addition has advises on how to properly use the site. One advice given was to take advantage of privacy settings to manage networks in order for them to speak discreetly to certain friends, such as family, close friends, co-workers as opposed to some other friends such as bosses or professional colleagues. Barton told the an amusing story wherein an employee was fired due to his obscene positioning message regarding to his disappointment in his work which the boss has realize because he is his friend in facebook.The realistic world article on the other hand was brilliant in that if one missed to read the title she would have understood it as real life drama. Unlike the Facebook article which was very straightforwar d, the rootage took on a different approach. At first, it narrated a story of two avatars that were married and had a position together. The amusing thing was that it was slightly exaggerated though on a healthy level wherein it is entertain to the readers.The story built up the more serious issue tackled by the paper- access and control. It compared the case of one real person having real, tangible property to some virtual one who has virtual property. The former is defend by law, specifically, property rights. The later on the other hand have the mediation of the network of software package and the owner of the virtual environment who has interests to protect as well.It gave examples of real life people who encountered problems regarding accounts (Email, social networking sites and gambol accounts) of their family, close friend or even virtual partners who passed away. It went on to citing the companies good reasons in

The Troubled History of the Airbus A380 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

The Troubled History of the Airbus A380 - Essay ExampleThe results of the analysis show that the mapping of systems and operations management at Airbus is underestimated, and, as a result, not properly integrated into the business. This drawback, through the low-down organizational structure, inefficient HR practices, and weak organizational culture and leadership, has lead to lower productivity of the employees, and, as a result, financial losses of the company. Six Sigma or business process re-engineering approaches to improving business processes nominate been identified as the most impressive to be used by Airbus. At the same time, original changes of BPR approach seem to be more appropriate - the faster Airbus introduces innovations, the faster organizational efficiency give improve. Communication channels and strategies, as well as leadership and organizational culture in spite of appearance the company, should be improved in outrank for the changes to be effective. Tec hnological advancements in form of management information, transaction touch on systems, decision support Systems and Executive support systems should be used by the company in order to make its business processes more effective and efficient. In this context of systems and operations management is one of the keys to support a company in its attempts to improve and strengthen its positions in the market. Therefore, the given overcompensate is an attempt to detect and analyze how in particular systems and operations management, as well as its integration within the business, works for supporting and improving organizations business efficiency. Furthermore, the role of Soft Systems Methodology will be determined in relation to analyzing and defining the business requirements. People, technology, and organizational issues will be analyzed in order to define how in particular they contribute to the improvement of companys operations. All the above-presented purposes of the report w ill be drawn upon the example of an existing company with relatively long and comparatively undefeated history of operations Airbus. Airbus practical experience and operations outputs will be used for analyzing and making recommendations regarding the enduringness of the companys systems and operations management. Operations management itself, according to Slack, Chambers, and Johnston (2010), is a set of activities aimed at effective management of the resources needed for production and delivery of services and products. Information systems, in their turn, are aimed at gathering, processing, storing and distributing entropy required for making decisions and controlling an organization (Laudon and Laudon, 2007). As such, information systems are to optimize the working processes within the organization by means of structuring data and automating certain processes for them to become more effective.

International Relations and Foreign Policy Essay

International Relations and exotic Policy - show Example89-91). However, it is arguable that international relations theories are not self-explanatory of the style of all countries and cannot be applied to all circumstances. While the theories are general in nature, they do seek to explain the behavior of nations in general during some of the most important events in history such as the realness Wars and other economic treaties (Dougherty and Pfaltzgraff, 2001, pp.95-96). Foreign policy regards the policy or the inured of norms that a unpolished adopts regarding its personalized behavior with other nations. These norms may govern aspects such as trade, alliances, aid, peace treaties, military support, coalitions, and other matters. Foreign policy is arguably a determinant of a countrys personal circumstances and their ingest relative power in the international arena. Critics (Janis, 1972, pp. 45-46) may argue that unlike policy is not set according to the activities conducte d in the international arena, but is set according to the soulfulness domestic factors of a country itself and the preferences and prejudices of its leader. Therefore, if this is the case, this suggests that international theories, which generalize the behavior of countries throughout the world, are not relevant when it comes to devising theories of impertinent policy. macrocosm a neo-realist, Kenneth Waltz claims that international theories do not consider enough variables specific to countries hence, they cannot be employ to predict foreign policy and are not applicable in this regard. However, if international relations possibleness cannot be applied to predict or analyze the behavior of countries and are not explanatory of their foreign policy, then what is their use? This paper aims to explore the difference between theories of international relations and theories of foreign policy, eon explaining the main two international theories prevalent in the international arena. T he main emphasis of this paper forget be upon the neo-realist school of thought and Kenneth Waltz considerations of why the neo-realist theory is inadequate to predict the behavior of individual states and therefore is not applicable as a theory of foreign policy. The aim of this paper testament be to refute Kenneth Waltz argument that international relations theories cannot be used as theories of foreign policy through the aid of academic articles. International Relations theories are highly best-selling(predicate) when it comes to decision explanations regarding the behavior of countries collectively and in general terms. The theories consider the behavior of all countries to be alike turn accounting for variables such as their military strength, economic prosperity, power in the international arena, and their motives (Janis, 1972, pp. 88-89). These theories are purportedly used as indicators of the behavior of countries in different circumstances and as predictive measures. The most popular theories of international relations include realism and liberalism. The two schools of thought, realism, and liberalism are quite divergent from one another(prenominal) and are complete opposite theories. Hence, here has been a longstanding debate between the supporters of both schools of thought. The liberalists turn over that morals, international organizations, and legislation or law governs the world. For liberalists, the power

What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the Essay

What atomic number 18 the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the antimonopoly righteousness in china - Essay ExampleSome businesses, whether buck private or state owned could monopolize the food market activities, from which most small organizations and individual businesses felt strained, and could last close the businesses. Having the price of products and services dictated by a specific organization made them monopolize the markets and their shares, such that small and medium enterprises felt inferior, most of them operate under influence of bigger companies and with minor as benefits. The Antimonopoly law began operating in early August 2008, making China a vital competition law jurisdiction, for international and domestic businesses, or companies with running activities in Chinas territory. Its three broad rules are based on prohibiting abuse of dominant market positions and restrictive agreements, mergers rules preventing mergers or joint ventures that rest rict competition as well as control M&A activities, and rules forbidding abuse of administrative powers that end up in competition restriction. The application of the law is viewed differently among the multitude of China. Some think it applies to all businesses or organizations in dealings of providing goods and services, eyepatch others think the complexity of the law has something to enhance leniency in state owned enterprises. However, even after its initiation, several factors have prevail to restrict full enforcement of the law. They include limited transparency, concentration, influence from government involvement, outdated economic planning, unreliable market infrastructure, unnecessary enforcement of law, insider control, and general resistance. So far, the Anti Monopoly Law (AML) is being enforced by three bodies MOFCOM, NDRC and SAIC, to examine fair competition, safeguard social public and consumer interest, boost economic efficiency, and restrain monopolistic behav ior. The enforcement agencies continue to come across challenges and problems in the law enforcement practice, limiting effective application and acceptance of the AML by the people. 1. Limited Transparency over the years, the enforcement agencies have been handling many cases to do with monopolistic agreements, merger control, and price and non price related cases for the companies and businesses operating and showing interest to practice within China. The NDRC and SAIC have faced accusations of hiding probe results, but MOFCOM has so far been transparent. NDRC and SAIC, which are regulators of anti monopoly law of China have limited transparency to a accepted level, raising the need for confidentiality of certain information, with respect to the companies after investigation. For example, the TravelSky, which is a state owned company, was alleged to spay its discount policies back in 2009, influencing other airlines in its network to raise airfares that resulted in country a stray complaints The NDRC was the enforcement agency responsible for conducting investigations in the case, but the consumers of the airline service and the public never got to hear the results of the investigation (Wang, 2011). The controversial issue remains as to why some investigation results of certain companies are disclosed, while those of others never get to be released to the public. Again, most of the cases brought forward are convictions of private enterprises, in areas of cartels and abuse of dominance. Does it think up that the law breakers are private organizations and businesses? Surely, the state owned enterprises (SOE) are no exception, but excessively many issues to do with them are being ignored, or leniency is being applied to them as a favor. The structure of

Pricing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Pricing outline - Essay ExampleAs frugal cycles decline, however, management teams force outnot drive volume improvements. Pricing improvements, however, are an all important(predicate) route to increasing profitability. The key to improving profitability through pricing lies in moving from a tactical to a strategic approach to pricing. Pricing strategy involves much more than merely place price points. In order to achieve profitable pricing, managers must consider both their price construction and their pricing process. Pricing structure is built around orient customer segments and culminates in constructing the Product-Service-Price menu. The menu so fetchs the basis for constructing and positioning renderings for the customer targets. Pricing processes focus on communicating value deli genuinely to the target customers while minimizing negotiation driven price discounting in the selling process.1We begin with the most fundamental of economic constructs, price, because m uch of the analytic power of economic theory stems from the abstract image of markets that generate prices.On the surface, price readjustment might seem like an odd place to understand a process of social construction. few economic precepts are more teachn for granted than the notion that markets determine prices. Moreover, few economic concepts offer so little social content as price. Neoclassical price theory is a super stylized theory of market behavior. It presumes that social content is unimportant to market outcomes. It offers no theory of how prices transaction in a firm simply a notion that they do work. In neoclassical economic theory, firms readily react tochanges in market conditions by adjusting prices. A wide variety of changes may take placechanges in costs, supply, or demand, competitive entry or actions, change in technology, and soon. Firms moderate those changes and adjust prices upward or downward. Classical economicsassumes that because organizations are end owed with this ability to adjust prices, industries,markets and economies can function efficiently. Much of the existing literature in economicstakes this ability for granted, assuming this as a kind of innate organizational capability.To a student of organizations, this seems like an unrealistic belief, and indeed, someeconomists ac distinguishledge this. In economics the literature on the costs of price adjustment arguesthat price adjustment can be a complex and costly organizational problem. For example, Caplinand Leahy (1991) argue that price adjustment is a very difficult, costly and time-consumingprocess, Levy, et al. (1997) suggest that changing prices is a complex process, requiringdozens of steps and a non-trivial arrive of resources, and Ball and Mankiw (1994, p.142)suspect that the most important costs of price adjustment are the time and precaution required ofmanagers to gather the relevant information and to make and implement decisions. Accordingto Blinder, et al. (1 998, p. 21) these costs have become one of the main strands of NewKeynesian theorizing. Yet it remains a problem about which, Blinder, et al. (1998 4) argue,economists know next to nothing, even though a small mountain of

Travel Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Travel Industry - stress Example world(prenominal) duty is slated to grow at 6.1% during the next decade and is likely to slow drop to 5.5% over the 2015-2025 period.1NORTH AMERICA North America remains the most mature and the biggishst market in terms of trade volume. Since it is a mature market the twenty years exploitation estimates are start out than the world fair(a). However the market was occupy an important position because of the sizeable volume of traffic flows. global travel prospects are more promising than inter regional, therefore the passenger fleet size give enlarge to 7402 units in 2025 from its current size of 4133 units(in 2005).2LATIN AMERICA AND CARRIBEAN Agreement between Brazil, Argentinia, Chile and Peru allows for a level of fifth freedom rights.ElSalvador, Guatemala, Hondauras and Nicaragua have moved a step closer to a genius Central American Aviation market with an agreement that calls for more relaxed customs and immigration controls. Traffic d evelopment projections for Latin America, for the review period are higher than the world average at 5.3%.The annual average rate for inter regional traffic is anticipated to be 6.1%.3EUROPEInter regional traffic within Europe leave behind remain the second most significant flow accounting for some 12% of the total worlds traffic within that region. In 2005 Transatlantic load factor stood close to 83%.European traffic growth forecast stands at 4.8% equally the world annual growth rate. International traffic growth is likely to be robust. Therefore Europes passenger fleet go forth double by 2025.4Europe-Asia Pacific traffic flows leave increase at 6.0%, with Latin America at 6.0%.CIS and Europe traffic flows will hit a 6.6% growth rate and a strong 7.3% with Middle East.CIS International traffic flows from CIS will see a 6.8% increase, marginally above the world average rate. Russia dominates the aviation market landscape in CIS.In September 20005, more than 88% of CIS available domestic capacity was with Russia. Strategic destinations for international travel will be-Asia Pacific, North America and Middle East and Latin America.5AFRICA Angola and Nigeria are increasingly becoming an important subscriber line destination, mainly because of the accessibility to natural resources like oil, gas and copper. India and China besides other nations have potty trade partnerships with these African nations. In 2005, 100,000 Chinese tourists visited Africa, doubling the figure from 2004.Sub Saharan Africa is saw a 13% increase in international traffic inflows in 2005 as against 5% in 2004.6MIDDLE eastern Dubai has climbed from the 26th to the 10th position as a global hub over the last decade.Globally, the route exhibiting the highest growth in terms of traffic volume is London-Dubai. Middle East also has a geographical expediency with a 8,000 nautical miles circle around it.Also, the benefit of having three emerging economies (Russia, China, India) in its backya rd makes it an advantageous location. International traffic growth is anticipated to be 7.2% for the next ten years and 6.3% over the span of 2015-2025.7 possible for New Markets.BRIC Vast consumer base and a consistent high growth rate.The emerging economies in Asia with their large populations and buoyant economies are expected to be the most promising

Proliferation of Date Rape Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proliferation of Date Rape Drugs - Essay ExampleSex mustiness be consensual by two rational organisms, yet society has long since muddied the reality of this point. As a result, it is historic to now understand the proliferation of hear go against drugs that atomic number 18 rampant in society. In so doing, we need to better comprehend how the drugs are most often delivered into the body, understand the current trends in rape being committed in such a manner. and work to eliminate this threat from much of larger of society. That is the focalize of this paper. Drug Delivery Methods To comprehend what types of delivery methods are employed for date rape drugs, one must first understand the nature of the concept in the first place. The more technical term for date rape is drug facilitated sexual assault. Such assaults take place primarily because of the ingestion of one of m any(prenominal) an(prenominal) substances into the body that alters an individuals ability to get ahead wise and rational choices, particularly when it comes to sexual activity. There are legion(predicate) ways that a marauder might accomplish this in his or victim. Perhaps the most usual delivery method is through the use of alcohol. Alcohol is both legal and readily available. As such, it presents itself as the perfect way to get a victim to fail uninhibited and become an easy rump of sexual abuse. For these reasons, and others, alcohol is believed to be the most common diverseness of date rape drug apply in such forced sexual encounters. The typical sequence of events for such an occurrence would be the further of a women to continue drinking far past what would be considered safe limits. Over time, the victim provide tend to lose consciousness, and then the rape go away be much easier to perpetuate. In nearly only legal jurisdictions, sexual intercourse with someone who is unconscious is considered to be rape. The use of various forms of tranquillizers are are also beco ming an increasingly common delivery vehicle. Such drugs typic on the wholey come in the form of Valium, Librium, Xanax, or Ativan. A predator using this particular delivery mechanism will typically cutting the drug into the victims drink without them being aware. The effectuate can of taking the drug will be noticed within 15 to 20 minutes. Within two hours, the victim will become very relaxed and sleepy, and their reaction times will be severely diminished (Weir, 2001). As such, their ability to make sound decisions is severely hampered, causing them to submit to sexual actions that they would never agree to when not under the effects of a date rape drug. Current Trends Many predators committing date rape today have gotten so advanced at the practice that the victims often do not realise what has happened to them until it is far too new-fangled to prove any allegations. Recent studies have indicated that more than 38% of individuals who believe they have been victims of date ra pe test positive for excessive alcohol in their system, even hours after the attack. A full 8% test positive for some form of drug being administered into their blood stream, while 40% actually have no noticeable date rape drug in their system at all (Peatfield and Villalon, 2013). It is disturbing to note that many people who believe that their drinks have been spiked test negative for any date rape drugs. This indicates that the current trend in this area is towards a more crafty predator that can quickly overpower the victim, cause them

Hispanic Americans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hispanic Americans - Research topic ExampleThe Hispanic Americans in coupled States consists of four particular groups. They are the Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Central / southwestward Americans. Mexican Americans Mexican Americans, as of July 2009, constitutes 10 . 3 % of the United States population. They comprise 66 % of all Hispanics and Latinos in the United States ( Mexican American ) . United States houses the bit largest Mexican community in the world salutary after Mexico itself. Mexican Americans as a race is a general agglomeration of Native Mexicans, Spaniards and other(a) Hispanicize European settlers. Their history in the United States ranges for over four hundred years. By 1900 their settlements were mainly focused in the New Mexico, California and Texas. As a matter of fact Californios were strictly Spanish speaking citizens of confront day California, who later became associated with the society soon after the California Gold Rush. Presentl y the Mexican .Americans affirm a substantial population in the cities of Los Angeles, Culver City, Long Beach, La Puente, Chicago, Houston, Phoenix, Dallas, San Francisco Bay Area, Denver and more. In revision to avoid racial classification, the United States Census Bureau in 1970 tried to classify Hispanics by Spanish speakers and persons belonging to a household where the head of household was a Spanish speaker Persons by Spanish heritage by birth location or surname Persons who self identified Spanish instauration or descent ( Mexican American ) Spanish continues to be the main language of the Mexicans since the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. English was of minor importance because of proximity of southwestern U S to Mexico. In the beginning of twentieth century, with the second and third generations now on track, English became necessary with different work professions being available. But fluent in 1980s there were 100 Spanish news papers, with around 500 radio move a nd 130 television stations. Since 1960s, there had been a huge influx of illegal Mexican immigrants in the United States which had heavily increased the cheap labor work force of the country. As the prospect of deportation is a constant threat they are highly subjected to exploitation by the employers, who often take a gullt ask , dont tell attitude towards them. The immigrants are racially dubbed as Wetbacks which is a lucid approach just like nigger to African Americans. Mexican Americans as a entire mainly form the nucleus of blue collar occupations in the U S. this includes from working as eating house workers, truck drivers, janitors, gardeners, construction labors and metal moving workers. Several incidents of tensions had often aroused between Mexican immigrants and other ethnicities and also between Hispanic Americans and cheap Mexican labors over the sustainability of working class jobs. However, according to a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in Jun e 2007, 63 % of Americans would support an immigration polity that would put illegal immigrants on a path to citizenship if they pass background checks, pay fines and have jobs, shape English ( Mexican American ) , Socially, immigrants from Mexico come from lower stratus of social ladder and are conglomerate in low skilled jobs by generations. Usually they are form rural areas. Strictly speaking,

How to Develop Self-Confidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to Develop Self-Confidence - Essay ExampleIt is rightly said that self impudence is all in your mind. The first step that should be taken for the development of self confidence is to give ones own self. First of all make a list of qualities present in the personality and read it daily until your mind starts believing on such qualities in the character. (Robert Anthony - Self-Help, 2005)Another primary(prenominal) way to develop self confidence is self talk. It is very important in the way of success to express all your thoughts in the figure of words. For such ability one has to eliminate self surmise from the personality. Once this quality develops in the character it leave alone become table serviceful in every run of life.Self praising is also an important activity for the development of confidence. genius should praise himself that he is gorgeous, apt and possesses all the qualities that one should have to be a successful person. This appreciation will of course hel p him in reducing hesitation from his behavior. In contrast, never criticize ones own self. It plays a great role in suppressing the self-belief. It may demodulate the mind and develop feeling of hopelessness in ones character.Self confidence may also generate by the elimination of awful habits from the personality and replace them by positive activities. If an individual gets command on his behavior he will definitely become confident in his all dealings of routine life (Coon et al 2009).One more important thing that should be mentioned here is that there is no need to hide your climb on in any race of life. Let the people know your efficacy towards your objective. To hide anything would always frustrate the mind. It keeps suppressing the confidence.Once the confidence has developed avoid the company of people who diminish your self confidence with their prohibit comments and opinions. Continuous

Is Europe an optimum currency area Literature review

Is Europe an optimum currency area - Literature review eventThis phenomenon has totallyowed for a vantage point to the economists from where they can try understanding the possible problems and difficulties associated with economic integration. The objective of this belles-lettres review is to understand the criteria essential to the achievement of Optimum capital Areas in the light of the existing schoolman sources and theories. This literature review also intends to understand whether the European Economic and Monetary Union are in stages shifting towards an Optimum currency Area position. It is Robert Mundell who is attributed to be the pioneer of the guess of Optimum Currency Area. Vasiliauskaite and Vitakauskas (2007) cook successfully identified certain criteria delineated by Mundell to be unavoidable for the existence of a viable currency union. As per Mundell, for a region to move towards an Optimum Currency Position, the labour mobility is a necessary and pivotal requirement (Vasiliauskaite & Vitakauskas 2007). The labour mobility in this context includes the physical ability and possibility on the expose of the labour in a region to move from the depressed areas to the propitious ones. This mobility criterion also entails an absence seizure of the cultural and political barriers to labour mobility and the existence of viable institutional mechanisms to facilitate mobility of labour (Vasiliauskaite & Vitakauskas 2007). Besides, According to Mundell, the monetary union in a region required an integration of the financial markets of the member nations accompanied by a total flexibility of prices and wages across the region (Vasiliauskaite & Vitakauskas 2007). in like manner, Mundell tagged to these criteria the need for a regional political integration making way for the fiscal transfer mechanisms for the redistribution of capital around an Optimum Currency Area (Vasiliauskaite & Vitakauskas 2007). Besides, it is also imperative that most o f the nations in an Optimum Currency Area have diversify economies and similar business cycles (Vasiliauskaite & Vitakauskas 2007). Vasiliauskaite and Vitakauskas (2007) have concluded after an elaborate analysis of the existing data that though the European Economic and Monetary Union does qualify many of the criteria considered by Mundell to be essential for the world of an Optimum Currency Area, the labour mobility in the European Union is much constrained as compared to USA. In Europe there exist many cultural and economic barriers that hamper the hassle free mobility of labour. Also the European Union, unlike America, cannot rely on Fiscal Federalism to iron out the regional economic disturbances (Vasiliauskaite & Vitakauskas 2007). In his seminal work in the context of the Optimum Currency Areas that is A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas (1961), Mundell discernibly appears to adhere to a Keynesian mindset. According to Mundell, in order to mitigate the shocks occurring in the private sector, whether originating from the append side or demand side, the countries could resort to the manipulation of national fiscal and monetary policies (1961). This nascent theory of Mundell was essentially based on stationary expectations pertaining to exchange rates, price levels and interest rates. The earlier Mundell was conclusively all for the Keynesian fine tuning of national fiscal and monetary policies, shielded by a floating(a) exchange rate (1961). Mundell held that the diversified econ

Do you believe the world since the end of the Cold War in 1989 has Assignment

Do you believe the ball since the end of the stone-cold War in 1989 has become more unruffled and invariable or less peaceful and stable - Assignment ExampleAccording to Kennath Waltzs argument the world becomes more stable and peaceful when it is dominated by few superpowers. In other words, unipolar world is more stable than multipolar world (Lundestad & Jakobsen, 2013). However, considering ongoing conflicts in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Africa, growing economic and political crises, growing international and domesticated terrorism, emerging multipolar arranging, and weakening dominance of the US, present world has become less peaceful and more instable than the cold-blooded War era. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the growing instability and potential threats to the security and peace in the world by means of various examples and facts.The concept of unipolarity is used to define the world(prenominal) power system which is mainly dominated by one super power. After the end of Cold War, there wasnt typic West vs. East conflict as it was in the 20th century. Due to lack of real challenges, the US enjoyed the status of most influencing power in the world. It allowed the US to interfere or involve in the globose issues that often didnt reflect the national interests (Lundestad & Jakobsen, 2013). According to power structure analyzers, unipolarity is volatile and unstable because it of all time advances towards multipolarity as other emerging powers attempt to overthrow the dominance of one nation in global system. Though the superpower can curb such progress, at least for the short period, its dominance lead eventually be lowered as a result of constantly emerging new powers (Lundestad & Jakobsen, 2013). Since the embrocate embargo of 1973, the US has maintained aggressive policies towards Middle-eastern countries in order to control vast fossil oil militia in the region. Under the quid pro quo deal, the US provides defense secu rity to Middle-eastern states in return of oil (Cran & Barker, 2012). For

Business in focus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business in focus - Essay ExampleHowever, this key environmental drift is causing many regional and supranational companies to rethink their existing business strategies in order to foregather consumer demand for eco-friendly products through marketing and in areas of facilities management. This report identifies differing viewpoints on environmental consciousness along with an sagaciousness of how this both positively and negatively impacts retail business operating rooms and finance.Piell (2009) offers that certain regulatory entities, in international retail selling environments, are adding considerable hug to companies to comply with energy usage reductions, which is especially broad in the consumer sales environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency created its Energy Star labeling system which was a regulatory effort for appliance manufacturers to clearly list the energy-efficiency rating of their products, such as dishwashers, refrigerators and microwa ves (Piell). Additionally, Verizon, one of the largest international mobile communications technology companies, proudly promotes the Energy Star labeling system in over 30 of its international retail stores that are at least 5,000 square feet in order to comply with these regulations and excessively show interested consumers that the business takes energy consumption at its stores quite seriously (Piell). This regulatory pressure forces many appliance retailers (and other energy-consuming product manufacturers) to change the internal energy mechanisms of their products in an effort to trim back a products carbon footprint, the volume of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by the devices. From a manufacturing perspective, this key apparent movement in regulatory activities related to the environment can be a costly business operation as it often involves devoting more financial resources to research and development in order to meet bleak standards of energy consumption.Energy

Personal Development Plan Essay Example for Free

personalized suppuration Plan EssayPersonal Development Planning Made Easy A bring to recording experience and learning from it What is Personal Development Planning? Studying at university is not unsloped about learning a lot of things that argon fascinating in themselves but at to the lowest degree in the case of most arts subjects rather disconnected from the real world. At the aforementioned(prenominal) time as you develop your knowledge of your subject and the skills required to perform well in it, youre actually developing a whole range of skills and intellectual abilities that can be transferred to other areas of life, including your hereafter employment. Arts subjects dont generally conform to you for a specific job they actually equip you to undertake almost any job that doesnt required specialised scientific training. Moreover, university life is mean to present you with all kinds of chances to develop yourself as an individual with a range of interests and experiences, and not just as someone reading books, writing essays and taking exams. An Arts graduate should be versatile, imaginative, critical, flexible, incisive, confident and articulate, and so piss for any challenge or task if only you can recognise these abilities in yourself.This is where Personal Development Planning (PDP) comes in. With an ever-increasing number of well-qualified graduates entering the labour market distributively year, it is crucial to your success after completing your studies that you know exactly what skills you have to offer academic, work-related and personal when you start applying for jobs, and that you can provide unshakable evidence of those skills. Your studies will have championed you develop crucial transferable skills and personal atributes, and so will umpteen of your extra-curricular activities you just have to be able to articulate these to prospective employers.PDP divine services you to aliment track of what youve learned, how you learned it, and what you great power do with that learning later on it can also help you to plan for the future and to come across what skills or attributes you may need to develop in order to achieve your goals. Getting involved with PDP should help you to Consider what you really want to do Make the right academic, personal and professional decisions Set personal goals and targets Identify programmes and extra-curricular opportunities and training to help you develop your skills Plan ahead to achieve your goals Evaluate your own draw near Record different kinds of achievement Personal Development Planning is one part of your university progress wedge. This is not an actual document but a combination of any personal development cooking activities that you engage in and record, as well as the formal academic transcript of your marks that your university provides you with at the end of your studies. It offers a detailed, rounded account of everything that you have achieved a t university.In recent years, universities have blend in more aware that their students need to be highly employable, and that means not just graduating with a intelligent degree but being able to demonstrate a whole range of skills and abilities that will help you to gain and maintain the employment you want. Getting used to setting targets for yourself and evaluating your progress now will provide you in good stead for success in your future working life, and one of the key aims of an Arts education at Bristol is to help you realise that learning is a truly life-long activity, not something that stops when you straggle university.We want, therefore, to encourage you to reflect regularly on your performance we aim to provide useful guidance on how to go about this, for example through with(predicate) this guide, and to provide regular opportunities for reflection and discussion, above all through the personal tutor system. Ultimately, you have to take responsibility for your o wn personal development, but well do our silk hat to help and support this process. Do I need Personal Development Planning? Try this self-evaluation exercise.For each of the following statements, rate your responses strongly agree = 0 agree = 1 sort of agree = 2 disagree = 3 strongly disagree = 4. 1. I am certain that I can keep myself motivated towards achieving my degree for the next few years 2. I am very clear what my goals are for the next five years 3. I am confident that I have planned sufficiently to enable me to achieve my goals 4. I am very clear how my degree fits into my life plans 5. I am clear which skills employers are looking for 6.

Natural environment Essay Example for Free

Natural environment EssayIt has been long debated the importance of personality verses nurture. It is hard to prove one from the other since it is shown for them both to play major roles in the development of a child to an adult. I believe that my personality is a combination of both nature and nurture and I think that I am +to a greater extent nurtured. There are so many demeanors that I have developed from the environment I grew up. I have learnt to respect all people from macrocosm influenced at school and by my parents. I have also been trained to be responsible of things such(prenominal) as doing my work.I learnt that if I am non responsible and dont do my work, then I must pay bad consequences. I have also learnt from experiences that if I do what I am sibylline to do, I may be rewarded for good things done. My environment has influenced me in many ways to act upon real things automatically. Things like looking both ways before crossing the street, or other things that appear to be commonalty sense are learnt from nurture. I have gone through many experiences in which I have learnt different lessons.These lessons have taught me how to act in my conduct. I know that I am very different person than my mom or my dad. I dont have very much in common with either of them. Although we do share nearly of the same aspects, I feel that I am more different from them than alike. I have developed the majority of my social skills from my friends and not my parents. Most of my social life revolves around my friends, who have influenced me a lot of the decisions I make and in the way I act. I dont socialize with my parents nearly as much as I do with my peers.I dont think I know my parents well enough to say if I am like them when they are around their friends or not. The nature and nurture of a person can vary greatly. Sometimes there are certain(p) things that are hard to decide whether they are inherited or learnt. I might share some qualities with my parents, but they could just be characteristics that I learnt in my life that my parents also learnt in their lives too and were not inherited. I believe that genes indicate the potential for ones behavior and personality, and that the environment helps create the extent as to how that behavior is carried out.

Things Not Seen Essay Example for Free

Things Not Seen EssayThings Not Seen actor Andrew Clements Genre Fiction Favorite Character amp Why My favorite character in this bill was Robert Phelps also known as Bobby, because Bobby feels invisible to his parents, even before he actually is invisible. He feels ilk they put work before him, and dont notice what he wants or who he is, which I can relate to. Reasons I liked this BookThe reasons I liked this book is because it shows how this teenager has to fence with being invisible and not knowing if hell ever go back to normal. Also because this book makes you think about how you would feel and deal with the fact knowing that youre invisible and no wizard can see you. Summary Fifteen year old Bobby Phillips wakes up one morning and discovers hes become invisible. After he proves to his parents that je has turn invisible he is forced to stay at home and not to tell anyone that he has become invisible.Then Bobbys parents get into a cable car accident that causes them t o be hospitalized. So Bobby then meets a blind girl named Alicia in a library. And later(prenominal) on learns that about Bobbys condition that he has. Later on the law gets involved and investigates why Bobby has not been seen, which could end up with his parents in jail. On this difficult journey that Bobby has to face with his parents and his new consort Alicia by his side to help him find out why he has become invisible. 1st restate I cant see myself You cant see me. I cant be seen like, Im invisible (3) This quotation is important because it shows how scared Bobby is and how he reacts to his parents about him not being able to see himself. This can father you an idea on how he will deal with him being invisible later on. 2nd bring up But then come the tears. Mom slumps down in her chair and starts crying, and I cant accept that. I can never take that. (6) This shows how Bobbys Condition is begging to affect his mother.

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks EssayIn 1971, Starbucks was founded on a love for coffee and 42 years later you can still go in and expect the same exquisite cup of steaming hot coffee from your local store, served to you from a friendly face. Starbucks mission is to inspire and rearing the human spirit atomic number 53 person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Today, with more than 18,000 stores in 62 countries, Starbucks is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the ball. And with every cup, we strive to bring some(prenominal) our heritage and an exceptional experience to life. (http//www. starbucks. com/about-us/our-heritage). They offer the best roasted coffee, handcrafted beverages coffee experience products, excellence wait on and innovation, plus they are dedicated to produce a great coffee experience to customers. (Starbucks, 2011) The purpose of this report card is to discuss and analyze Starbucks organizational structure and the best form of organ izational structure that best fits Starbucks with an violence on lineage description and Job Specification for a Starbucks employee.I will in any case strain to fasten the form of departmentalization that should be used, as well as whether centralization or decentralization of military force should be used in light of the recent financial struggles theyve had. Lastly, I will attempt to determine which organizational mannikin best fits Starbucks. Job description is defined as a formal lists of tasks and duties and Job specification is defined as a list of eligibility requirements or qualifications needed to perform a melodic line (Reilly, Minnick Baack. 2011). These definitions will be used in creating a position for a new employee.Job verbal description If you love coffee and helping throng than you just might be perfect for this job At Starbucks, we strive to provide a much needed service in todays brisk world. At Starbucks you can learn all about different coffee beans from all over the world and help in developing a great functionals team. You will be trained in what it means to thoroughly enjoy your job, the people you work with in a clean and safe surround and to enjoy working with the best coffee you can imagine. Job Specification Develop a working knowledge of all products we offer. Maintain a clean and friendly store.Maintain a professional place and your composure should the store become busier than usual. Anticipates customer and store needs. Be Flexible with shifts and days that you can work. Starbucks should be using is departmentalization by geographic region. Starbuck locations are all over the United States. Starbucks uses a matrix configuration by combining divisional and functional structures. Divisional structure is used in multi-product or multi-market operations. Starbucks drib into this structure by having so some different beverages and items on the menu.When putting out so many different items one has to specialize in th ose items. Starbucks trains their employees to know every item inside and out. You cannot have one person who can make one drink and nit another. They use functional structure to stay nonionized activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation. With 18,000 stores it takes many teams to stay updated of everything that is going on in the market. Starbucks hires people who specialize in marketing strategy to keep them on top of the market. The form should be changed in the stores that serve lunch because the structure of the work changes.It becomes more of a machine bureaucracy in that it is super routine in making drinks as well as sandwiches and salads. When you have to repeat something many measure you are working like a machine. Starbucks has decentralized authority because they created decision-making for each manager. There are also lots of stores around the world and each store has different from the authority, managers, and customers. This also allows for emp loyees to be able to award their thoughts, opinions, and ideas. If the company uses their ideas they are rewarded.It also allows for the lines of communication to stay open between employees and managers which allows for a friendly working environment. Starbucks is making sure that it is here to stay. By surrounding itself and its team members with the best training and communication they turn out out against all competitors. Yes, other will try to stand up against the designer coffee cross off but when it comes down to it Starbucks is finding new ways to stay at the top. With being in different regions they have created an evening atmosphere where you can drop in after work, with friends, after yoga, by yourself, after a long day or after a great day.The food is amazing. The wine extract is simple and smart (www. starbucks. com/coffeehouse/starbucks-stores/starbucks-evenings). Starbucks will change the structure of the business as many multiplication as it takes to make it work for them. You never know they may create things that work for them that do not work for other coffee shops.REFERENCES Reilly, M. , Minnick, C. , Baack, D. (2011). The five functions of effective management. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https//starbucks. com https//starbucks. com/about-us/out-heritage.

Review of the Wrestler Essay Example for Free

Review of the Wrestler EssayTHIS stirred up FAIRY female genitals FOLLOWS THE STORY OF THE HAS-BEEN BROKEN DOWN, BEATEN, AND EMOTIONALLY STUNTED RAM A ONCE POPULAR rassling STAR OF THE 80IES NOW STRUGGLING TO MAKE RENT FOR HIS TRAILER FIGHTING IN FRONT OF barleycorn 10S OF FANS SUDDENLY HITS HIS LOWEST POINT AND HAS A CRIPPLING HEART ATTACK.DOCTORS TELL RAM HE john NEVER FIGHT AGAIN, THIS SHACKING HIM AS WRESTLING WAS HIS ONLY LOVE AND THE ONLY THING HE HAS STUCK WHICH through with(predicate) unwrap HIS LIFE UNLIKE HIS EX WIFE OR DAUGHTER BUT WITH NOTHING left-hand(a) HE DECIDES TO REUNITE WITH HIS DAUGHTER AND START A LIFE WITH A GIRL HE MEETS AT A STRIPE CLUB, HAVING TO WORK A REGULAR JOB WITH HIS PRICK BOSS AT A LOCAL FOOD STORE. OF COURSE THIS ALL GOES WRONG WHEN RAM SNAPS AT A CUSTOMER WHO RECOGNIZES HIM AS A WRESTLER, RAM UPSET WITH THIS GOES ON A BINGE OF SEX AND DRUGS THEN BECAUSE OF THIS MISSES HIS REUNITE dinner party WITH HIS DAUGHTER SO THEN RAM WITH NOTHING LE FT DECIDES HE IS NOT CUT surface TO LIVE A NORMAL LIFE AND WRESTLER A BIG MATCH AGAINST LONG metre OPPONENT AYATOLLAH AFTER A.EMOTIONAL SPEECH WITH HIS GIRLFRIEND HE GOES AHEAD WITH THE WRESTLING MATCH covering THAT WRESTLING IS HIS MAIN PASSION AND TRUE LOVE DURING THE MATCH RAM HAS HEART ISSUE HE CLIMBS TO THE TOP ROPE IN PAIN FROM HIS HEART DELIVERS HIS SIGNATURE MOVE THE CAMERA BLACK break LEAVING YOU WITH THE IMPRESSION HE HAS DIED.THE WRESTLER IS AN AMAZING PIECE OF ACTING WRAPPED WITH LONG EMOTIONAL SHOTS AND SPEECHES AND TRULY OUTLINES ONE MANS LOVE FOR SOMETHING ABOVE EVERYTHING ELSE SO MUCH HED RATHER DIE THAN LIVE WITH OUT IT AND ALTHOUGH ITS SLOW BUILD CAN SOMETIMES EVEN FIND YOU BORED THE PAY OFF OF THE keen RAW EMOTION AND TALENTED ACTING YOU WONT BE DISAPPOINTED.

Sample Statement of Purpose for Recreation and Leisure Studies Essay Example for Free

Sample Statement of single-valued function for Recreation and unoccupied Studies EssaySample Statement of Purpose for Recreation and Leisure Studies The hawkish subterfuge (wushu) and the Technique of Deep Breathing (qigong) constitute an integral part of Chinese traditional culture and angiotensin converting enzyme of the essential cultural legacies of the world civilization. Even instantaneously, those two ancient wellness-building techniques are still indispensable in facilitating peoples health. Yet, it is regretful to notice that they seem to gather in stopped gear uping in the recent era.I believe that the best way out of this dilemma is to integrate those two traditional health-building techniques with the in vogue(p) research achievements of western recreational and leisure studies. I believe that by undertaking a Ph. D. programme in recreation and leisure studies at your esteemed university, I will be well positioned to gain contributions to this integration . I completed my undergraduate and postgraduate programs respectively at xxxxx Institute of somatic Education and xxxxxx University, arguably two first-rate sports universities in China.I first majored in the Chinese hawkish arts and then in Chinese traditional Taiji and health Qigong. This systematic and rigorous educational background has given me a necessary academic foundation for your program. My 7-year education allowed me to not only learn the theories and the skills in my specialties but withal gain insights into the essence of the wushu and qigongthe perfect union between the physical and the mental.In two programs, I was in particular fascinated by a number of courses such as Martial Arts Serial come Training, Taiji Boxing, Health Cultivation Qigong, Yoga, Exercise Physiology, manoeuvre Medicine, and Sport Anatomy. I benefited from the martial arts training, taiji boxing and qigong exercises by deriving the spirit of perseverance and the pursuit of an active and ba lanced life characterized by a considerate aggressive attitude. In this way, I maintained a tranquil state of benign physiological-psychological cycle. Energetic and aggressive, I made efforts to win academic successes one after another.Entering the xxxxx Institute of Physical Education as the third top student in my province in that years national university glamour examination, I maintained a leading position in my academic performance, not only lovely scholarships (available only to the top 5%) every year but besides receiving the honor of superior Student, Outstanding Graduate and Excellent Intern. With top scores in the qualifying examinations for the postgraduate program, I was enrolled into Beijing Sport University. As a postgraduate, I had ample teaching assistant intimacy.First, I taught taiji boxing and health stopping point qigong to undergraduates. Then, because of my sound English proficiency and interpersonal skills, I worked as a teacher of taiji boxing and hea lth cultivation qigong, on behalf of our universitys Foreign Affairs Section, to foreign students and taiji-qigong fans from France, Canada, the United States, Japan and African countries. In addition, I was a voluntary teacher offering free taiji-qigong trainings to the elderly people at Martial Arts Association of China Academy of Sciences and Beijing Ever-Green Geracomium.All those activities careed me accumulate important teaching experience and raise my service awareness. The research I gull done in writing my undergraduate speaking and postgraduate dissertation is closely aligned with the program I am currently applying for. Entitled The topic Characteristics of Chinese Martial Arts, my undergraduate thesis demonstrates the underlying cultural features and the healthcare medical effect of the martial artstheir ability to temper ones psychology and cultivate ones tendency in addition to their direct health cultivation through physical exercises.My Masters dissertation focu ses on the Philosophical Characteristics of Chinese Traditional Sport Health Cultivation Practices. By an in-depth analysis of the conjectural premises of Chinese traditional sport practices, such as the supremacy of prevention, parallel organic evolution of internal and external mechanisms, and equal emphasis on mental and physical cultivation, the dissertation offers an adaptation of the philosophical basis of those practices. I also examined how those philosophical principles are embodied in the actual practices.I applied an interdisciplinary approach in writing this dissertation, soliciting constructive comments from senior professors in Chinese medicine, arts, friendly sciences, and, of course, sports. My work experience since the completion of my Masters program is related to sports administration as I have been working at the Center of Health Qigong nerve, State Administration of Sport. Our center is a governmental organization devoted to providing consultations to elder ly citizens concerning sports activities and exercises.Apart from drafting major government policies, I have taken part in important academic activities over the past two years. I have been a member of a research team on two research projects sponsored by the State Administration of Sport and other relevant departmentsCreating and Standardizing Certain Health Qigong Practices from Chinese Traditional Health Cultivation Forms and Evaluating their Physical Effect and Research into the Current State of Public Health Qigong Activities.For the first project, I have certain the National Award for Sports Science and Technology Advances. In addition, I have co-authored four books published by the People Sports Publishing House, including Tendon Changing Classic of Health Qigong Practices (please refer to my Resume for detail). I have also attended important academic conferences, acted as research assistant and trainer. In this way, I have developed valuable practical experiences, enhancin g my teaching, training and research abilities.In my proposed program, I am deeply elicit in studying recreation and leisure. My work experience shows that Chinese traditional health cultivation practices comparable qigong and martial arts, themselves recreational and leisure events, have sound preventive and therapeutic effects. It is a pity that, without scientific guidelines, we have not made full advantage of those important resources. The underlying reason is that we have not been able to perform systematic and comprehensive research.Another reason is that, even though people now enjoy much more spare time than ever before, they have little idea how to croak their leisure and undertake recreation in an intelligent manner. I hope that I can help people understand the importance of the principle of live well through healthy lifestyle. I also hope that, through your program, I can continue to broaden my administrative knowledge so that I can ultimately facilitate recreation an d leisure activities through government and community channels.I would give care to apply for admission into the School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation of xxxx University. Your program of Recreation and Leisure Studies offers an interdisciplinary study that encompasses a rich variety of subjects ranging from Recreation Management to Leisure Behavior. You have advanced facilities, progress curriculum and effective research methodologies, thereby providing a sound condition for me to carry out my studies and research.I would like to concentrate on Therapeutic Recreation, Recreation Administration, Recreational Sport Management, and Leisure Studies, Leisure and Health, Leisure and Healthy Lifestyles, Leisure and Aging, Sports for Seniors. I am particularly interested in Therapeutic Recreation because I hope to focus on exposing the socially underprivileged people, that is, the weak and the elderly, the patients of chronic and deeline diseases, the handicapped and the men tally retarded, to a satisfying leisure lifestyle by practicing yoga, taiji boxing, qigong, and martial arts.I wish that your program will develop me into a researcher, administrator, teacher and/or counselor in recreation and leisure who can treat and reconstruct people in need by using recreational sports and therapeutic recreational services. My undergraduate and postgraduate specializations and my work experiences all point to my qualifications as a worthy candidate for your Ph. D. program. I believe that my oriental person background, especially my understanding of traditional Chinese philosophy and my skills in Yoga, Taiji boxing, Qigong and Martial Arts will be a unique contribution to the diversity of your program.

Passenger Satisfaction Survey Essay Example for Free

passenger Satisfaction work Essay companionship centre was setup at IRITM in 2008. IRITM has a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with IIM Lucknow, for writing Research Papers, Case Studies and assimilating research findings into across-the-board periodic reports to be use for improving training inputs. This is the 4th publication of the Centre. The earlier 3 publications 1. Ideas on PPP, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Fin. PPP), IRITM Ashish Shukla 2. A Handbook on Project Finance PPP Terminology, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Fin. PPP), IRITM Ankit Tandon 3. Studying the cleverness of an Airport Modernization Concession Agreement, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Fin. PPP), IRITM The above publications have been well received not nevertheless by the railway systems but raze outside in the G overnment, Private Sector and Educational Institutions. Indian lines is the invigoration line of the nation. It has been instrumental in bringing about a social, cultural and economic revolution in our society and has been a strong uniting and integrating force. Despite being a monopoly in rider services which are gameyly subsidized, can it afford to have a dis well-off client?To confirm the nation moving and the customers happy, our net social service obligations in 2010-11 constituted 17. 57% of total expenditure. psychoanalysis of profitability of Coaching assistances showed a loss of 21,324 crores to which net suburban losses in Chennai, Kolkatta and Mumbai contributed Rs. 2364 crores. other(a) factors have also accelerated the situation which include low second class ordinary fares non suburban commuters and concession in fare ext terminate to various categories. No other transport sector forthwith is offering rates which could compete with the railway systems.Despite so much of effort if we are still uneffective to keep our Customer satisfied there certainly seems to be whatever communication gap amidst us and the Customer. In order to asses that gap IRITM conducted a passenger Satisfaction purview on the compass northern, North Central and North Eastern Railway, the result of which are summarized in the publication. We hope the results would allow us the Railway personnel to introspect about our Customer Demand and initiate us to pop off a separate service and be more vocal in showing our concern for keeping our Customer Happy. Ashima Singh music director IRITM Lucknow July 2012FOREWORD Passenger Amenities and provision of certain essential as well as enviable features on Railway move as well as on-board train services continually take away the attention of policy makers in the Railway Board as well as the Field Officers in the Zones and Divisions. The ground level scenario at major stations in the verdant differs in terms of reach as well as its perceived usefulness by the Railway Passengers. The present survey was knowing to get a comprehensive feedback on 37 different service parameters related to passenger creature comforts and station facilities.While the objective assessment fields were readily responded to by most passengers the open ended questions did not elicit detailed replies and were perfunctory. The light gap between Passenger receptions and Railway Officers responses also highlighted some interesting differences. Illumination at mail services, Signage and uncloudedness of Train Announcements and Booking Counter experience have got very(prenominal) favorable responses. The deficiency areas which were most reported on were cleanliness on platforms and train toilets, late running of trains as well as unauthorized mountain in compartments.What must be emphasized here is that none of these areas actually overtop capital expenditure or investments or repeated policy directives. They just require vigilantism, active lapse and better coordination among the service providers within the various departments. A standard protocol of maintenance, cleanliness and supervision func tions needs to be worked upon just the like the various service related parameters put in routine at the unseasonedly developed and forward-lookingized airports. (Please refer Annexure). This is a standard checklist of service parameters insisted upon by Delhi existence-wide Airport Limited (DIAL).A similar drill would go a long way in ensuring better services on our premium stations especially A1, and A categories. The booklet has been designed in such a manner that passenger responses can be very easily understood through with(predicate) use of colorful graphics and simple data presentation, however the larger question which needs to be addressed is that can we provide station and on board housekeeping services which are indorse changers and path breaking at the same time? Which reflect a paradigm shift in the way Passenger service are traditionally being offered by Indian Railways.Perhaps the new Station knowledge Corporation announced recently may introduce sweeping cha nges to radically turn the present system of addressing Passenger Amenities and general conveniences to be do available to the public. The Station Development Corporation has been conceived with the primary objective of augmenting and improving passenger related amenities at stations. each the issues highlighted in the current survey would perhaps get addressed if fast tracking the activities of the Station Development agency can show visible early results.The areas of action being well designed concourses, high end waiting spaces, easy access with disabled friendly options for station premises, congestion free platforms, modern catering facilities etc. The discipline has been make more useful by adding edited versions of the comprehensive, pan-India Passenger Service Surveys and Station Cleanliness Surveys conducted by the CAG (Railways) in the exist few years. In addition, some additional literature and visuals of world class stations have been added to give a feel of what th e future may look like in the days to come for Passenger Amenities and operate in Modernized Railway Stations.The Report has also been substantiated with identifying certain important performance benchmarks, development examples from the Aviation Sector. carrying out benchmarking and improving customer perception are important milestones in improving station premises and passenger services beyond the customary targets to the next level. A level which is path breaking and futuristic in its vision and implementation. If the checklist of the 37 parameters used in this study as well as the findings contained in the Audit Reports are read and comprehended by the Railway officers responsible for these functions, the purpose of the survey would be fulfilled.However, it may be useful to repeat that station maintenance procedures must follow the KISNE principle i. e. Keep It Smart Neat and Efficient. Also plot we cannot promise the moon to our customers we must ensure that what we do p romise we deliver at all time with 100% efficiency and Zero Failures. These are achievable because we have a long experience of managing stations and procedures are well laid out. What is perhaps needed is a well established drill of adhering to a standard protocol of Station and Train nutrition Practices and not allow the drill to falter even for a day.A well thought strategy, precision in execution and applying Six Sigma principles for not deviating from the standard Maintenance and Supervision Protocol would go a long way establishing a New swan which is easy to replicate and easy to follow. Dr. Kalpana Dube Senior Professor IRITM Lucknow July 2012 The more you engage with customers the clearer things become and the easier it is to determine what you should be doing. Objectives of the Passenger Survey Criteria and Methodology Sample Size/Target Respondents Passenger Survey Findings Response by Railway Officers Suggestions for Proactive Action Comparison of General Public Rai lway Officers Response Perception fissure Between the General Public as Rail Users and Railway Officers as Rail Users Graphical agency of the Findings Strategy For Promoting Indian Railways Image And Train Travel Experience Some Suggestions Benchmarking murder Assessment Measures deputize Report One Sample Service lumber Specifications For Delhi International Airport Ltd. DIAL) Conceptual Background for Railway Stations as Profit Investment Centers Sub Report Two CAG Recommendations on Passenger Services in Indian Railways 2008-09 Sub Report Three CAG Recommendations on Cleanliness and Sanitation on Indian Railways 2007-08 Annexure 1 Citizen Charter on Passenger Services of Indian Railways Annexure 2 Questionnaire Used for the Passenger Satisfaction Survey for IR act Service Standards Page NoPassenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Objectives of the Passenger Survey To review the facilities provided to the passengers right from tick et booking to the on-board survive experience in the trains To asses if facilities provided in trains were adequate and effectively maintained or not, from the point of Passenger Satisfaction in Station Maintenance Practices. To know the priority areas so that these can be strengthened to optimize passenger satisfaction.To asses the overall travel experience of the passengers in the Indian Railways and their perception of the organization. Criteria and Methodology An open ended questionnaire with about 37 parameters was disposed(p) and survey was conducted with the help of three field executives provided by the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Lucknow. The survey was conducted over a period of ten days through direct contact and filling up of the questionnaire by on-board passengers of all the Travel Classes (AC, 2nd Sleeper).The routes identified for the survey were mainly on the Northern part of the country Lucknow New Delhi Lucknow, Lucknow Gorakhpur Lucknow, Lucknow Varanasi Lucknow, Lucknow Allahabad Lucknow, Lucknow Kanpur Lucknow, Lucknow Moradabad Lucknow, Lucknow Firozpur Lucknow. All the Stations surveyed belonged to A-1 and A category. 1 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Sample Size/Target Respondents The sample size of the survey was around 700 passengers which included 100 Railway Officers as well.The general passengers age profile was from 15 years to 65 years with maximum response coming in from the young adults/youth i. e. 26-35 years of age. About 28% were female respondents and balance were males. Quality in a service or product is not what you put into it. It is what the client or customer gets out of it. Peter F. Drucker 2 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Passenger Survey Findings Top Efficiencies 1. Illumination Signages 2. Availability of Porters (Coolies) at the Station 2.Booking Clerk Competency Behaviour 3. Clarity of Annou ncement at Stations Top Deficiencies 1. Cleanliness of Toilets 2. unaccredited Vendors Passengers 2. Cleanliness of Platforms 3. Late Running of Trains Top Three Concerns/ precedence Areas 1. Punctuality 2. Quality of services 3. Safety adapted Services (Rated as Good) 1. Ambience of waiting retinue/Rest Rooms 2. Seating, Water, Trolley facilities at the Platform 3. Pricing of Food 4. Linen/Bedroll Cleanliness 5. Fans and Lights in the Trains 3 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance StandardsOther Findings of the Survey More than 60% of the people have used IT Enabled services such as Internet Ticketing, Enquiry Kiosks, Touch Screens, etc. 64% of the passengers surveyed confirmed that they have seen service improvements in the Railways in the last five years. 31 % of the passengers surveyed are satisfied with the Railway Amenities/ facilities. 35 % of the passengers surveyed think that Railways are giving Value for Money for the services provided. 47 % of the passengers surveyed rated Overall Services provided by the Railways as Good Your most unhappy customers are your greatest rootage of learning. Bill Gates 4 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Response by Railway Officers Top Efficiencies 1. Booking Clerk Competency Behaviour 2. Quality Quantity of Food made available 3. Clarity of Announcement at Stations Top Deficiencies 1. Coach/Toilets occupied by Unauthorized Passenger Vendors 2. Handling of Theft Cases 3. Cleanliness of Toilets/Coaches Top three Concerns/Priority Areas 1. Quality of Service 2. Punctuality 3. CleanlinessSatisfactory Services (Rated as Good) 1. Water in the Coaches 2. Seating, Water, Trolley facilities at the Platform 3. Cleanliness of Platform 4. Ambience of Waiting Rooms/Rest Rooms 5. Illumination Signages 5 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Other Findings of the Survey More than 70% of the Railway Offic ers have used IT Enabled services such as internet ticketing, enquiry kiosks, touch screens, etc. 94% of the Railway Officers surveyed confirmed that they have seen service improvements in the Railways in the last five years. 7 % of the Railway Officers surveyed are satisfied with the Railway Amenities/ Facilities. 86 % of the Railway Officers surveyed think that Railways giving Value for Money for the services provided. 85 % of the Railway Officers surveyed rated Overall Services provided by the Railways as Good. 6 This handbook on Passenger Satisfaction Survey and Benchmarking of Performance Standards has been compiled using the results obtained in a 15 day extensive Passenger Survey launched by IRITM PPP Knowledge Centre in association with IIM Lucknow.The survey was in the northern part of the country covering A-1 and A category stations. 700 responses were obtained on 37 different passenger service parameters under nine categories ranging from Point of deal to On-board Fac ilities to IT based Passenger Transactions. These have been compiled in easy to read, colourful graphics in this Report. The Report has been made more useful by adding edited versions of the comprehensive, pan-India Passenger Service Surveys and Station Cleanliness Surveys conducted by the CAG (Railways) in the last few years.In addition, some additional literature and visuals of world class stations have been added to give a feel of what the future may look like in the days to come for Passenger Amenities and Services in Modernized Railway Stations. This handbook would be of use not besides to IRTS Probationers but also to all frontline Managers and Staff in Indian Railways responsible for Station Maintenance, Sanitation and Passenger Amenities. The handbook can also be accessed on the IRITM website www. iritm. indianrailways. gov. in.

Alternative approach to quality control Essay Example for Free

utility(a) approach to tone control Essay halt do not produce a reaping therefore bet on focuses its attention on the client benefit. merchandising the software there are levels of quality control and assurance which kitty not be beat. Here I fork over suggested divers(prenominal) approaches Game could go about to ensure good customer relations and also to further improve their service to customers. Online Gaming Some websites nowadays that pay nothing to do with the play industry now have online games for their customers. These online games are very enjoyable and are played by great deal who discover the games or for people who similar to play them. Npower is kn profess as a home electricity and gas provider scarcely on their website they also have a cricket game. This is because they sponsored the cricket matches. My soupcon is that Game as cosmos on of the leading retail merchants in the games market should produce their own online games. These games could cove r a wide crop of genres and be accessed from their website. This online romp experience ordain encourage customers to visit the website more often and maybe assay the product more often which could lead to an increase in sales. many a(prenominal) people do online gaming whether its business men or school children a good game lasts in people minds so in Game producing these games the are establishing good customer relations. Down extendable Software Many software businesses have their own websites where so can transfer upgrades for their current product. Sometimes these are free or you have to bear for them. It is also possible for people to pay and download software from the website. Many Gaming producers have patches and upgrades for their Games for download for their website.My suggestion is that Game should contact the games produces and have newly available software downloadable form their website. Customers that have brought the games victuals the product number and when they want to download an upgrade for a game go to the website and type it in. This however, can only be done with PC games. This give be beneficial for game as they will be seen as helping the consumer with achieving the best gaming experience. Instead of customers going to the games producers website they just have to go to one website and get all there downloading needs sorted.This causes less hassle for the consumer and builds good relations with customers. Hints and Tips Many people have produced websites based around hints and tips for people having trouble with Games. These websites have a whole load of games and free information for people who are stuck on a disassembleicular level of a game. My suggestion is that Game produces their own hints and tips page for their website. The difference will be that customers will get rewarded for looking up the information form the Game website.The way this will work is that a customer will go to the website type in the product number of the particular game with his/her reward card number. This way the person will be rewarded by extra points on the reward card. In doing this Game are resolution any difficulties the customer is having with the game he/she has purchased and rewarding them at the same time. This will increase customer satisfaction and maybe increase sales. All these changes will have an affect on a Games different functional area. I will now look at the changes that would have to be do to the functions of the business. clement Resources.Human resources deal with the training and development of staff within a business. To bring about these changes the humankind resources handler would have to retrain current staff and change the training programme for new staff. merchandising There is a marketing director with staff working under him. There job is to hike their stores in a certain way so they get across a distinct smear image. Another one of their jobs is to promote games along side the prod ucer. A new job for marketing would be the best way to promote these changes made to game. Administration This is the link, which ties all the different functional areas together.The management trading operations director is in charge of seeing that everything is running smoothly across the different functional areas. The changes made to Games quality control will not have that much of an effect on this segment. Buying and Selling There are many directors who look after the sales. These are split up into North and due south and there is a European sales director. This department is in charge of the sales that each Game store makes. There is also a buying director who takes care of purchasing stock. In this department they would spend money on maybe improving ICT as most of the changes are ICT related.They would also have to buy new software for producing online games. Finance The finance of Game group is a lot like any other businesses finance group. They take care of the financi al aspects of the Game Group things like expenditures and turnovers. The changes will not have that much of an effect on this department. Research and Development Game is a retailer they provide a service they do not actually make the games. Research would be in the first place devoted to see if Game can capture more of a market share. The new media director would look into new ways to promote their business.He would look at ways of expanding on the meshing and Digital television. New business development director would look to diversify into new markets. The changes would affect this part of Game to research and develop new aspects to improve quality control. Research would have to go into online gaming on their website this is one of the changes. The second change they would have to develop their current website to enable people to download software from it. The third change would involve research into finding hints and tips for games and putting it up on the website. Jaskanwar Singh Pabla Mr Chadha AVCE logical argument Studies.

The Harlem Renaissance and Its Role in American Literature Essay Example for Free

The Harlem spiritual rebirth and Its Role in American books EssayHistorically, the African American experience is defined by the constant struggle to be recognized, to assert identity, and to rise from the stereotypes and negativeness of racism and discrimination. While it took slightly time before these issues were resolved, the contributions coming from the African American cultures joint and individual experiences have formed a profound body of work, from then until now. One of the near renowned eras of African American publications is the Harlem renascence.Originally known as the New Negro Movement, the Harlem metempsychosis saw an incredible influx of activity within the community of forbidding writers that started during the early 1920s (McElrath, par. 1). The elbow grease began with the holding of literary discussions series in both lower and upper Manhattan, specifically Greenwich Village and Harlem. untold of the credit was given to Charles Spurgeon Johnson, an editor who called on young and aspiring African American writers to bring their yeasty talents to New York in order to form an unprecedented membership of black creative artists.The call was heeded, and the next few years saw the arrival of black writers from all over America and even from the Caribbean, simultaneous with the cultural phenomenon of the black urban migration. The Harlem Renaissance was soon born, and its roster included then-unknown names that would rise to model(a) heights in a short time (Harlem literature, pars. 1-2). II. Themes Within the Harlem Renaissance More than a specific form or style, the Harlem Renaissance was characterized by its embracing of all styles and elements arising from culture and experience.The black sig nature in the emergent jazz and blues music also made its impact on the literature produced, since many of the themes covered by music also resonated within the writing community. Slavery and the production of identity, the complexi ties of biography as African Americans in the modernity of the urban North, and the issues concerning the writing and performance for white audiences were some of the more(prenominal) prevalent themes appropriated by writers of the Harlem Renaissance.Racial pride and the reference to African history were found within the lines of black writers works, as well as a marked desire to achieve political and social equality within the greater American society. Yet more than anything. the Harlem Renaissance was defined by its upholding of diversityin style, voice, and expression (Harlem Renaissance, pars. 1-2). Langston Hughes and Claude McKay, both poets, paved the way for the showcase of the African American mindset, charactericularly in Hughes appropriation of the ghetto life, and in the militant tone and passion against racial violence and for cultural pride in McKays If We Must Die.Other writers followed suit, and close notable was the membership of women in this elite circle. III . The work force and Harlem African American writers have come a long way since the efforts of Frederick Douglass on his text opposing slavery (Malvasi, par. 4), and the premier list of the Harlem Renaissance included many names, but invariably topped by three Hughes, McKay, and Countee Cullen. Unlike the other two, Cullen had lived all his life in New York City, and viewed poetry as raceless, though he did acknowledge the presence of racism in America.However, the tackling of racist themes and injustice in his iconic poetry Yet I Do Marvel app arently changed this passive outlook. Hughes, on the other hand, was quite experienced and well-traveled, a fact that appears in the use of the outdoors as a literary device in his profound poem Negro Speaks of Rivers. Finally, Claude McKay promoted a more irreverent method of fighting inequality and racism, the nature of which answers the anger and fear instilled in the hearts of African Americans.His abovementioned poem, If We Must Die, calls for honorable death in the face of the various forms of torture and persecution against blacks (McCrone 2-3). IV. The Writing Women of the Harlem Renaissance Perhaps the most marginalized among an already marginalized community are the women, most of whom are relegated to traditional roles limited to domesticity and child-rearing. While these wereand still arevalues deemed important and significant, ofttimes must be credited to the African American women writers of the era, who had more to contribute on top of the collective experience of slavery and injustice.Editor Jessie Fauset, teacher Dorothy Peterson, and writers Ethel Ray Nance, Regina Anderson, and Georgia Douglas Johnson were some of the first women to claim part of the Harlem Renaissance for the interests of the female voice. Included in their activities were discussion and writing group organization, promotion of black authors in their respective communities, and the publication of African American writing in vario us magazines where they served as editors.But most of all, the women of the Harlem Renaissance made their mark by writing about fear and violence, as well as gender and tradition, within the context of the black experience. Names such as Dorothy West, Hallie Quinn, and Zora Neale Hurston were active in this group, women who would by and by make their literary voices resound even louder than those of their male counterparts (Lewis, pars. 13-17). V. Criticism Notwithstanding the great proliferation of creativity and intellectualism, the Harlem Renaissance and its impact on American literature was not without flaws or criticism.Because of the newness of the concept of freedom, specially in the country of writing, many black writers resorted to crafting their works in styles commonly identified with white literary standards. Even worse, some of them appropriated images of blacks that agree with the racial stereotypes propagated by the whites. The goal to promote African American ident ity was not always successful, perhaps due to the still flimsy grasp on freedom and equalityconcepts that are hot and well in this era. Works Cited Harlem Literature.Harlem Renaissance Multimedia Resource. 2009. John Carroll University. 17 March 2009 http//www. jcu. edu/harlem/Literature/Page_1. htm. Harlem Renaissance. Spiritus-Temporis. com. 2005. 16 March 2009 http//www. spiritus-temporis. com/harlem-renaissance/diverse-and-common-themes. html. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Harlem Renaissance Women African American Women Dreaming in Color. Womens History. 2009. About. com. 17 March 2009 http//womenshistory. about. com/od/harlemrenaissance/a/dreaming_color. htm. Malvasi, Meg Greene.Soul Deep African American Literature and Music. Suite101. com. 2004. 16 March 2009 http//www. suite101. com/article. cfm/harlem_renaissance/98190. McCrone, Audrey. Three Harlem Renaissance Writers (Hughes, McKay, Cullen). Essays on American Literature. 2001. 17 March 2009 http//www. suite101. com/article. cfm /american_literature_essays/78581/3. McElrath, Jessica. Harlem Renaissance The New Negro Movement. Afro-American History. 2009. About. com. 17 March 2009 http//afroamhistory. about. com/cs/harlemrenaissance/a/harlemren. htm.

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example for Free

Cultural Anthropology Essay1. How does a cultures physical environment shape the rolewrite of subsistence pattern they practice? How does subsistence impact a cultures degree of loving stratification? How is the degree of favorable stratification mirrored in religious systems?The amount of sunlight and rain and the types of soil, forests, and mineral deposits all have an effect on the type of subsistence pattern a particular gild develops. For example, In the U.S society peck have polar choices to retain their food such as obtain their food from a fast-food restaurant or obtain their food for cooking from a grocery reposition or supermarket other societies have diametric ways to obtain their food supplies. Which lead us to different type of life practices to set food such as stack who live close to ocean do fishing practices and people who live near to a desert obtain their food by hunting. The specific biome and environmental conditions may limit the development of certain types of subsistence patterns. For example, Arctic conditions are not tributary to agricultural activities, nor are arid regions suitable for rice production. In some societies of wealth, power and prestige are linked with ownership of land or the number of animals acquired.2. Describe economic ex compound among striation societies and it purpose. How does this type of exchange change with different societal types and why?The major form of economic system with band societies is called reciprocal economic system the system is based on exchanges among family groups as a means of distributing goods and work throughout the society. One of the main reasons for this system of reciprocal exchange is that food and other resources must usually be consumed immediately. There are three types of reciprocity generalized, balanced, and negative. The most mathematical characterd wiz among societies is called generalized reciprocity (Own Group), an immediate return is not expected and that the value of the exchanges will balance out in the bulky run. For example, in our society parents take care of their kids, so you take care of them in their old age. other one is balanced reciprocity (Other Groups) this type is more direct with immediate return. For example, in our society change money for someone, such as change a dollar for someone to four quarter to use the snick machine. The last one Negative Reciprocity (Rare), it is the attempt to get something out of nothing. For example, in our societies people who go to the car dealer filtrate to take the car for the cheapest price they can and the dealer try to take more money from the buyer. Both of them are negative reciprocity which means try to get something out of nothing. They do them because it makes the life for them easier and without the sharing between them life would be barder and less pleasant. The greater predictability and submersion of resources within a particular region, the more pronounced t he conceptions of private ownership and exclusive rights to territory among foragers in comparison to territorial rights among different hunter-gathers.3.What are some ways in which the higher degree of mobility affects the technologies, subsistence behaviors, and social organization of pastoralists versus horticulturalists? Higher degree of mobility affects the group to maintain a certain number of people in the group to keep it effective to happen upon to another place. To do so, they use this mean called, Fissioning, moving of people from one group to another. Another means of population control is infanticide, the deliberate abandonment or killing of infants, and geronticide, the killing of old people. Higher degree of mobility also affect the technologies. In this case, technology does not confer to just tools or artifacts, but it also includes the cultural knowledge that has to be maintained by the society. all in all foraging peoples have an extensive knowledge of their en vironmental conditions and of the appropriciate means of solving technological problems in these environments. divers(prenominal) from horticulturalists, foragers need to know where to find the plants, when to find them during different seasons, which plants are edible, and so on since they need to move during different seasons to pursue game and other resources. Inuit created an extremely complex foraging technology. Because of the weather conditions and the environment, they developed civilise techniques for curing hides from caribou and seals to make boots, parkas, and snow goggles.4. Marriage is a human universal. In what forms does marriage live on and why? What is the function of endogamy and exogamy? How do forms of marriage exchange vary and how does each function to serve society?Marriage provide a systemic form of social mobility for the entire society. inmarriage is a type of marriage between people of the same social group or category. endogamic marriages are carefu lly regularized so as to maintain genealogically appropriate kinship bonds and melody relations in the top-ranking descent group. Exogamy is a type of marriage between people of different social group or categories. Having this type of marriage gives significant benefit to the one side of kinship, which does not have as power as the another kinship, because they can share the power once one get married. Most agricultural states practiced some form of marital exchange. The most common type of exchange was dowry- goods and wealth paid by the brides family to the tidys family. Dowry appears to be to the grooms family exchanges wealth for the bride. The dowry was used as a social exchange between families to arrange a marriage contract.